POTENTIALUL TURISTIC AL IORDANIEI

Cuprins:
Introducere.................................................................
..................................................................... 9
PARTEA                              I-a.                              CADRUL
GEOGRAFIC...................................................................
................ 10
Capitolul       1.       Localizare       geografica,       granite       si
vecini....................................................................
10
Capitolul                                                                 2.
Geologie....................................................................
................................................ 13
Capitolul                 3.                 Regiuni                 fizico-
geografice..................................................................
........................ 18
    -                                                                  Valea
      Iordaniei..............................................................
      .................................................... 18
    -                   Platourile                    muntoase/Highlandurile
      Iordaniei..............................................................
      ...... 19
    -                        Desertul                         Estic/Regiunea
      Badia..................................................................
      ....................... 19
Capitolul                                                                 3.
Clima.......................................................................
.................................................. 22
Capitolul          5.          Retea          Hidrografica/Surse          de
apa.........................................................................
...... 24
    -                                 Ape                                 de
      suprafata..............................................................
      ................................................. 24
    -                   Resurse                    de                    apa
      freatica...............................................................
      ....................................... 26
    -                                                          Desalinizarea
      apei...................................................................
      .......................................... 26
Capitolul                  6.                  Regiuni                  bio-
geografice..................................................................
............................ 28
    -                                                               Regiunea
      Mediteraneana..........................................................
      ......................................... 28
    -                            Regiunea                             Irano-
      Turaniana..............................................................
      .................................. 28
    -                            Regiunea                            Saharo-
      Arabica................................................................
      ................................. 28
    -                                                               Regiunea
      Sudaniana..............................................................
      ............................................ 29
Capitolul                                                                 7.
Vegetatie...................................................................
................................................ 31
    -                               Tipuri                                de
      vegetatie..............................................................
      .............................................. 31
Capitolul                                                                 8.
Fauna.......................................................................
.................................................. 37
Capitolul                                                                 9.
Soluri......................................................................
................................................... 38
    -      Soluri      dezvoltate      sub      regim      de       umezeala
      xeric.................................................................
      38
    -    Soluri    dezvoltate    sub     regim     de     umezeala     torid
      (aridic).................................................... 39
PARTEA         a          II-a.          GEOGRAFIA          UMANA          A
IORDANIEI...................................................... 41
Capitolul      1.       Trecutul       istoric       si       forma       de
guvernamant.................................................................
.41
    -           Antichitate           pana           la            obtinerea
      independentei..........................................................
      ........... 41
    -             Perioada             de              crize              si
      conflicte..............................................................
      .............................. 41
    -                              Iordania                               si
      palestinienii..........................................................
      ........................................... 42
    -                                                                Istoria
      recenta................................................................
      .................................................... 42
    -                                                               Politica
      Iordaniei..............................................................
      ................................................. 43
Capitolul               2.                Caracteristici                geo-
demografice.................................................................
................ 44
    -
      Populatia...............................................................
      ............................................................ 44
    -                                                            Distributia
      populatiei.............................................................
      ........................................... 45
    -     Structura     populatiei     pe     grupe     de     varsta     si
      sex..................................................................
      47
    -                                                               Statutul
      civil..................................................................
      ................................................... 48
    -                                                                Marimea
      gospodariilor..........................................................
      ............................................ 49
    -                                                                  Tipul
      gospodariilor..........................................................
      ................................................. 49
    -
      Fertilitatea............................................................
      ............................................................. 51
    -                  Nivelul                  si                  tendinta
      mortalitatii...........................................................
      ............................... 52
    -                                                               Migratia
      interna................................................................
      ................................................. 53
    -          Spatiul          de          trai           si           zona
      rezidentiala...........................................................
      ......................... 56
    -
      Educatia................................................................
      ............................................................ 60
    -                                                                Grupuri
      etnice.................................................................
      .................................................. 64
    -
      Religia.................................................................
      .............................................................. 64
    -
      Limba...................................................................
      ............................................................. 65
    -
      Imigranti...............................................................
      ............................................................. 65
    -
      Refugiati...............................................................
      ............................................................. 65
Capitolul                                                                 3.
Economia....................................................................
.............................................. 66
    -                                                         Caracteristici
      generale...............................................................
      ........................................ 66
    -                                                                Resurse
      naturale...............................................................
      ................................................. 69
    -                             Transportul                             si
      comunicatiile..........................................................
      ................................... 70
    -
      Turismul................................................................
      ............................................................ 72
    -
      Armata..................................................................
      ............................................................. 72
    -                              Industria                              de
      aparare................................................................
      ........................................... 73
    -                                                              Industria
      sanatatii..............................................................
      ................................................ 73
PARTEA            a             III-a.POTENTIAL             TURISTIC/REGIUNI
TURISTICE................................... 75
Capitolul                         1.                          Caracteristici
generale....................................................................
............................75
Capitolul                                                                 2.
Amman.......................................................................
............................................... 77
Capitolul         3.         Jerash         si          regiunea          de
nord........................................................................
................. 83
    -
      Jerash..................................................................
      ............................................................... 83
    -
      Ajloun..................................................................
      ............................................................. 91
    -                                In                                jurul
      Ajlounului.............................................................
      ............................................... 92
    -                          Rezervatia                           Naturala
      Dibbeen................................................................
      ............................ 93
    -
      Irbid...................................................................
      ................................................................ 93
    -
      Abila...................................................................
      ............................................................... 94
    -                                                                    Umm
      Qais...................................................................
      ...................................................... 94
    -                                                               Al-Himma
      (Mukheiba).............................................................
      ........................................ 99
    -          Shuneh          ash-Shamaliyyeh           (Shuna           de
      nord)..................................................................
      ..... 99
    -
      Pella...................................................................
      ................................................................ 99
    -                                                                   Deir
      Alla...................................................................
      ....................................................... 101
Capitolul                            4.                             Desertul
Estic.......................................................................
................................... 102
    -
      Zarqa...................................................................
      ............................................................ 102
    -
      Mafraq..................................................................
      ........................................................... 102
    -                                Umm                                 al-
      Jimal..................................................................
      ................................................ 103
    -
      Azraq...................................................................
      ............................................................ 104
    -                 Rezervatia                 Zonei                 Umede
      Azraq..................................................................
      .................... 105
    -              Rezervatia               Naturala               Salbatica
      Shaumari...............................................................
      .......... 105
    -                             Castelele                              din
      desert.................................................................
      ........................................ 106
Capitolul       5.       Autostrada       Marea       Moarta(Dead        Sea
Highway)...................................................... 112
    -                  Betania                  dincolo                   de
      Iordan....................................................
      .......................................... 114
    -           Shuneh           al-Janubiyyeh           (Shuna           de
      sud)...................................................................
      ......... 115
    -             Statiunile             de             la             Marea
      Moarta.................................................................
      .......................  115
    -                                                                  Plaja
      Amman..................................................................
      ................................................. 117
    -                            Izvorul                             Herodus
      (Zara).................................................................
      ...................................117
    -                             Panorama                             Marea
      Moarta.................................................................
      ................................ 118
    -                Rezervatia                Naturala                 Wadi
      Mujib..................................................................
      .................. 119
    -                              Pestera                               lui
      Lot....................................................................
      ............................................. 123
Capitolul                           6.                            Autostrada
Regelui(King’Highway).......................................................
................ 124
    -
      Madaba..................................................................
      .......................................................... 124
    -                                                                Muntele
      Nebo...................................................................
      ............................................... 128
    -                    In                    jurul                     Mt.
      Nebo...................................................................
      ......................................... 131
    -
      Hesban..................................................................
      ........................................................... 132
    -                                                               Hammamat
      Ma’in..................................................................
      ......................................... 132
    -                             Panorama                             Marea
      Moarta.................................................................
      ................................ 134
    -                                                                Mukawir
      (Machaerus)............................................................
      ......................................... 135
    -                                Umm                                 ar-
      Rassas.................................................................
      .............................................. 135
    -                              Cheile                               Wadi
      Mujib..................................................................
      ........................................ 136
    -
      Karak...................................................................
      ............................................................ 137
    -                                                                    Ar-
      Rabba..................................................................
      ....................................................... 142
    -
      Mu’tah..................................................................
      ........................................................... 142
    -                                                                Khirbet
      Tannour................................................................
      .............................................. 142
    -           Hammamat           Burbita            si            Hammamat
      Afra...................................................................
      ...... 142
    -
      Tafila..................................................................
      ............................................................. 142
    -                          Rezervatia                           Naturala
      Dana...................................................................
      ............................ 143
    -                                                               Castelul
      Shobak.................................................................
      ............................................. 145
Capitotul                                                                 7.
Petra.......................................................................
................................................. 147
    -
      Petra...................................................................
      ............................................................. 147
    -                                                                   Wadi
      Musa...................................................................
      ................................................... 159
    -                          Al-Wu’ira                           (Castelul
      Crucitilor)............................................................
      ..........................  160
    -                 Siq                  Al-Barid                  (Micuta
      Petra).................................................................
      ........................... 160
    -                                                                    Al-
      Beidha.................................................................
      ....................................................... 161
Capitolul            8.            Desertul             sudic             si
Aqaba.......................................................................
.................... 161
    -                                                                   Wadi
      Rum....................................................................
      ................................................... 161
    -
      Qatrana.................................................................
      ........................................................... 168
    -
      Ma’an...................................................................
      ........................................................... 168
    -
      Diseh...................................................................
      ............................................................ 168
    -
      Aqaba...................................................................
      ........................................................... 169
    -                     La                     sud                      de
      Aqaba..................................................................
      ............................................ 175
PARTEA                                a                                IV-a.
CONCLUZII...................................................................
............................ 178