Impuritati in cristale. Nivele energetice ale ionilor liberi

Cuprins
|CAPITOLUL I                                                             |    |
|ELEMENTE DE SIMETRIE ALE MOLECULELOR ŞI CRISTALELOR                     |3   |
|1.1  ELEMENTE ŞI OPERAŢII DE SIMETRIE PENTRU MOLECULE  …………………………       |3   |
|1.2 GRUPURI DE SIMETRIE ALE MOLECULELOR  ………………………………………….              |9   |
|1.3 SIMETRIA CRISTALELOR ………………………………………………………………..                     |13  |
|1.4 REPREZENTĂRI ALE GRUPURILOR  …………………………………………………….                  |16  |
|CAPITOLUL II                                                            |    |
|NIVELE ENERGETICE ALE IONILOR LIBERI                                    |18  |
|2.1 APROXIMAŢIA CÂMPULUI CENTRAL                                        |18  |
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|2.2 CUPLAJUL LS                                                         |22  |
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|2.3 CUPLAJUL JJ                                                         |25  |
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|2.4 STĂRILE PERMISE ALE IONILOR LIBERI                                  |26  |
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|CAPITOLUL III                                                           |    |
|DESPICAREA  NIVELELOR ENERGETICEALE IONILOR ÎN CÂMP CRISTALIN           |29  |
|3.1 IONUL IN CÂMP CRISTALIN                                             |29  |
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|3.2 CÂMP SLAB  …………………………………………………………………………                             |32  |
|3.3 CÂMP TARE                                                           |    |
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|CAPITOLUL IV                                                            |    |
|APLICAŢII                                                               |41  |
|4.1CALCULUL DESPICĂRILOR  ……………………………………………….……………                      |41  |
BIBLIOGRAFIE................................................................
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