STUDIU EPIDEMIOLOGIC PRIVIND GENUL CAMPYLOBACTER

CUPRINS
Capitolul 1: Caracterizarea generală a germenilor din genul
Campylobacter…..4
      1. Consideraţii
         generale............................................................
         .......................4
              1.
                 Istoric......................................................
                 ....................................4
              2.
                 Definiţie....................................................
                 ..................................6
              3. Taxonomie şi
                 filogenie...................................................
                 ............6
              4.
                 Habitat......................................................
                 ................................10
      2. Caracteristici referitoare la morfologia şi ultrastructura
         genului..............12
              1. Învelişurile
                 celulare....................................................
                 ..............12
              2. Flagelul
                 celular.....................................................
                 ....................12
              3. Citoplasma
                 celulară....................................................
                 ..............13
              4. Aparatul nuclear şi
                 plasmidic...................................................
                 13
      3. Caracteristici culturale
         generale............................................................
         ...14
              1. Substratul
                 nutritiv....................................................
                 ................14
              2. Aspectele
                 culturale...................................................
                 ................17
              3. Formele V.N.C. – forme viabile însă
                 necultivabile..................19
              4. Aspecte legate de recuperarea caracterelor
                 cultivabile............20
      4. Caracteristici
         serologice..........................................................
         .................20
      5. Specii caracteristice cu interes medical uman şi veterinar,
         ecologie, caracteristici culturale şi unele caracteristici de
         diferenţiere.....................23
              1. Campylobacter fetus ssp.
                 fetus................................................23
              2. Campylobacter fetus ssp.
                 venerealis........................................23
              3. Campylobacter jejuni ssp.
                 jejuni..............................................24
              4. Campylobacter jejuni ssp.
                 doylei.............................................25
              5. Campylobacter
                 coli........................................................
                 ..........25
              6. Campylobacter lari (fosta Campylobacter laridis)
                 ..................26
              7. Campylobacter lari ssp. UPTC
                 ...............................................26
              8. Campylobacter hyointestinalis ssp.
                 hyointestinalis.................26
              9. Campylobacter
                 mucosalis...................................................
                 .....27
             10. Campylobacter sputorum ssp.
                 bubulus....................................27
             11. Campylobacter sputorum ssp.
                 sputorum..................................28
             12. Campylobacter sputorum ssp.
                 fecalis.......................................28
             13. Campylobacter concisus
                 .........................................................28
             14. Campylobacter cryaerophila (A. cryaerophilus)
                 .....................28
             15. Campylobacter cinaedi (H. cinaedi)
                 ........................................29
             16. Campylobacter fennelliae (H. fennelliae)
                 ...............................29
             17. Campylobacter
                 upsaliensis.................................................
                 ......29
             18. Campylobacter butzleri (A. butzleri)
                 .......................................29
             19. Helicobacter
                 pylori......................................................
                 .............30
             20. Campylobacter rectus şi Campylobacter
                 curvus......................30
             21. Campylobacter helveticus (sp. nouă)
                 ......................................30
             22. Campylobacter
                 hyoilei.....................................................
                 ........30
      6. Aspecte privind metabolismul germenilor din genul
         Campylobacter.......31
              1. Caracteristici generale de
                 metabolism......................................31
              2. Caracteristici privind metabolismul la C. jejuni şi la C.
                 Coli...33
      7. Rezistenta şi
         multiplicarea.......................................................
         ..................38
              1.
                 Rezistenţa...................................................
                 ..............................38
              2. Multiplicarea germenilor în
                 carne............................................44
      8. Patogenitatea
         campilobacteriilor..................................................
         .............45
              1. Receptivitatea la infecţia
                 experimentală...................................45
              2. Doza minima
                 infectantă..................................................
                 ..........45
              3. Colonizarea tractusului
                 digestiv...............................................46
              4. Aderenţa la
                 enterocite..................................................
                 .............46
              5. Invazia celulelor
                 intestinale.................................................
                 .....46
              6. Producerea de
                 toxine......................................................
                 ..........47
              7. Alţi factori de
                 patogenitate................................................
                 .......48
      9. Aspecte clinice
         ....................................................................
         .....................48
              1. Aspecte clinice la
                 animale.....................................................
                 ...48
              2. Aspecte clinice la
                 om..........................................................
                 .....49
Capitolul 2:
Epidemiologie.....................................................
.................................52
      2.1.
Introducere.................................................................
...............................52
      2.2. Prevalenţa, aria de răspândire şi costurile
economice...............................52
      2.3. Modul de răspândire a campilobacteriozelor termotolerante la
om..........55
      2.4. Rezevorul de
infecţie....................................................................
.............56
      2.5. Formele epidemiologice ale campilobacteriozelor
digestive....................61
Capitolul 3: Alimente implicate în declanşarea campilobacteriozei digetive
la
om..........................................................................
.......................................................62
      3.1. Principalele categorii de
alimente.............................................................62
      3.2. Influenţa diferitelor operaţiuni de prelucrare asupra cărnii cu
             campilobacterii de origine
intestinală........................................................62
            3.2.1. Contaminarea pe parcursul abatorizării păsărilor
......................62
            3.2.2. Contaminarea pe parcursul abatorizării animalelor de
măcelarie...................................................................
.................63
Capitolul 4: Identificarea germenilor din genul Campylobacter
.........................69
      4.1. Caractere biochimice de interes taxonomic sau
diagnostic.......................69
      4.2. Metodologii de
tipare......................................................................
..........70
      4.3. Aspecte legate de diferenţierea C. jejuni, C. coli şi C.
lari.......................72
BIBLIOGRAFIE